![]() The Gila River represents the northern limits. The people may have migrated further east in seasonal travel. To the east, they ranged to at least the San Miguel River valley. In the south their land abutted against that of the Seris and Opata peoples. The historical lands of the Tohono Oʼodham stretched over much of what are now the jurisdictions of southern Arizona and Northern Mexico, across most of the Sonoran Desert. Anglo settlers in the area adopted that term. The Spanish colonizers learned that name from the Pima and transliterated it as Pápago, in their pronunciation. ![]() The Pima, a competing tribe in this territory, referred to them as Ba꞉bawĭkoʼa, meaning "eating tepary beans". They call themselves Tohono Oʼodham, meaning "desert people". The Tohono Oʼodham tribal government and most of the people have rejected the historical name Papago used by European colonizers. It also extends into the Mexican state of Sonora. The Tohono Oʼodham Nation, or Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation, is a major reservation located in southern Arizona, where it encompasses portions of three counties: Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa in the United States. The federally recognized tribe is known in the United States as the Tohono Oʼodham Nation. state of Arizona and the northern Mexican state of Sonora. The Tohono Oʼodham ( / ˈ θ ɔː n ɔː ˈ ɔː θ ə m, t oʊ ˌ h oʊ n oʊ ˈ ɔː t ə m, ˈ oʊ t ə m/ Oʼodham: ) are a Native American people of the Sonoran Desert, residing primarily in the U.S. ![]() ![]() Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham, Akimel O'odham, Pima Bajo, Tepehuán Jose Lewis, Tohono Oʼodham, 1907 or earlier, Smithsonian Institution ![]()
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